2020年1月，一年一度的春運大幕開啟，中美簽署第一階段經貿協議，習近平主席出訪緬甸，續寫千年胞波情誼的嶄新篇章，教育部推出“強基計劃”，長江流域分階段禁漁開始實施，武漢等城市出現新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎，美國取消對中國“匯率操縱國”的認定，國務院發布新版限塑令。

隻爭朝夕，不負韶華 seize the day and live it to the fullest

President Xi Jinping on Tuesday delivered a New Year speech in Beijing to ring in 2020, pledging to achieve the first centenary goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in the "milestone" year.新年前夕，國家主席習近平發表了2020年新年賀詞。賀詞指出，2020年是具有裏程碑意義的一年。我們將全麵建成小康社會，實現第一個百年奮鬥目標。

【重要講話】

2020年也是脫貧攻堅決戰決勝之年。衝鋒號已經吹響。我們要萬眾一心加油幹，越是艱險越向前，把短板補得再紮實一些，把基礎打得再牢靠一些，堅決打贏脫貧攻堅戰，如期實現現行標準下農村貧困人口全部脫貧、貧困縣全部摘帽。

2020 will also be a year of decisive victory for the elimination of poverty. The bugle has sounded. United as one, we shall work harder. The greater the difficulties are, the further we advance, strengthening our weak links even more and laying a more solid foundation to win the hard battle against poverty with determination, to lift all impoverished rural residents and counties out of poverty by current standards as scheduled.

——2019年12月31日，習近平發表2020年新年賀詞

讓我們隻爭朝夕，不負韶華，共同迎接2020年的到來。

Let's seize the day and live it to the fullest, and greet the arrival of the year 2020 together.

——2019年12月31日，習近平發表2020年新年賀詞

長江禁漁 fishing ban in the Yangtze River basin

Starting from this year, the fishing ban will be observed in 332 conservation areas in the Yangtze River basin, which will also be expanded to all natural waterways of the river and its major tributaries from no later than Jan 1, 2021.2020年起，長江流域332個保護區全麵禁止生產性捕撈；最遲自2021年1月1日零時起，禁漁範圍將擴大至所有長江幹流和重要支流天然水域。

【知識點】

在水文學上，支流（tributary）指匯入另一條河流（或其他水體）而不直接入海的河流。支流所匯入的河流稱為幹流或主流（mainstream），兩河或多河交匯之處稱為合流或合流處（confluence）。與支流相反的情況稱為分流（distributary）。

長江幹流（the Yangtze River mainstream）是指青海省曲麻萊縣以下至長江河口的長江幹流江段；重要支流（major tributaries）是指岷江、沱江、赤水河、嘉陵江、烏江、漢江等重要通江河流在甘肅、陝西、雲南、貴州、四川、重慶、湖北境內的幹流江段，大渡河在青海和四川境內的幹流河段，以及各省份確定的其他重要支流。

Fishing will also be prohibited on natural waterways of large lakes connected to the Yangtze such as the Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake for 10 years starting from no later than Jan 1, 2021.

對鄱陽湖、洞庭湖等大型通江湖泊天然水域，最遲自2021年1月1日零時起實行暫定為期10年的常年禁捕。

禁捕是有效緩解長江生物資源衰退和生物多樣性下降危機的關鍵之舉。

The Yangtze River has long been suffering from human activities such as overfishing, pollution and damming.長江長期以來受攔河築壩、水域汙染、過度捕撈等人類活動的影響。

Biological deterioration has reduced fishing activities along the Yangtze as well, which now only produces 0.32 percent of China's total freshwater aquatic products. In recent years, annual catch from the Yangtze has fallen to less than 100,000 tonnes from more than 420,000 tonnes in the 1950s.生態破壞也使得漁業生產受到嚴重影響。20世紀50年代，年長江流域天然捕撈量超過42萬噸，近年來長江每年的捕撈量也不足10萬噸，約占全國淡水水產品總量的0.32%。

多方合力保障28萬漁民生計

The 10-year ban is estimated to affect more than 113,000 fishing boats and nearly 280,000 fishermen in 10 provincial regions along the river. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has promised to provide social security services, financial support and vocational trainings for fishermen who have to find new ways of living.根據測算，長江流域重點水域禁捕共涉及沿江10個省市的合法持證漁船11.3萬多艘、漁民近28萬人。農業農村部承諾統籌協調落實退捕漁民過渡期生活補助、社會保障、職業技能培訓等政策。

禁捕後仍要做大量工作以確保生態修複

Efforts will also be made to protect rare species and enhance monitoring over aquatic life in the Yangtze, and to improve protection and management strategies in accordance with biological resource restoration progress.針對珍稀物種采取保護措施；構建長江水生生物調查監測平台；根據漁業資源恢複情況，改進保護管理政策。

校園貸 campus loans

College students who fall into debt as a result of using peer-to-peer lending platforms cannot be included in a list of dishonest debtors, China's top court said on Thursday.最高法1月2日表示，在校大學生因為使用網貸平台而欠債的不應被列為失信被執行人。

【知識點】

校園貸（campus loans）始於2014年，到2015年迎來爆發式增長，但因隨後爆發的“裸貸（loans secured against nude photos）、收費混亂（illegal charges）、暴力催收（forcible debt collection）”等負麵事件備受輿論質疑。2017年，銀監會、教育部、人社部、互聯網金融委員會等發布通知，禁止違規機構向大學生提供校園貸服務。

失信被執行人（defaulter），是指被執行人具有履行能力而不履行生效法律文書確定的義務，俗稱“老賴”。最高人民法院先後於2013年建立了網上的“老賴”黑名單係統（online blacklist of defaulters）。

The blacklist publishes personal details, including names and identity card numbers, of individuals and legal representatives of companies who refused to comply with court orders to shame them into compliance.該黑名單對失信被執行人（個人及公司法人）的姓名、身份證號等信息進行公示，希望以此方式使他們執行法院判決。

2014年底，最高法正式開通“總對總”網絡查控係統（information monitoring network），與銀行以及公安部、交通部、工商總局、人民銀行等單位實現聯網，可以查詢到被執行人全國範圍內的存款、車輛、證券、網絡資金等14類16項信息，並對被執行人進行消費限製。

此次最高法發布的意見明確，全日製在校生因“校園貸”糾紛成為被執行人的，一般不得對其采取納入失信名單或限製消費措施。

北京京師律師事務所的律師許浩表示，

Some students are still shouldering an economic and credit burden in debt disputes, even though our country prohibited online platforms from lending money to students three years ago. Students, as the debtors, still need to repay the debts in line with court rulings and valid contracts.雖然我們國家3年前就禁止網貸平台提供校園貸了，但是部分學生依然承擔著債務糾紛導致的經濟和信用負擔。學生作為債務人仍然需要按照法庭判決和有效合同償還債務。

Given that many students have little savings and the borrowing records will influence their future, such as in employment, further studies, or bank loans, the top court's decision on removing them from the dishonest list, I think, is timely, humane and necessary.鑒於學生沒有什麽儲蓄，而這種借款記錄可能會對他們未來的就業、深造以及銀行貸款申請產生影響，最高法決定不將學生列入失信名單的決定很及時，人性化，也很必要。

最高法還規定了幾類解除或暫時解除限製消費措施的情形。

The guideline permits courts to temporarily lift travel restrictions when defaulters have to take a train or fly home for medical treatment or when family members fall ill or die.對被限製消費的個人，因其本人患病或近親屬患病或死亡等情形，人民法院應當暫時解除限製其乘坐飛機、高鐵措施。

地區生產總值統一核算 unified regional calculation of gross domestic product

China will introduce unified regional calculation of gross domestic product (GDP) to enhance the accuracy of the results, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said Sunday.國家統計局1月5日表示，我國將實施地區生產總值統一核算，以提升核算結果的精確性。

The new accounting system will take effect while calculating the annual regional GDP of 2019, said Ning Jizhe, head of the NBS.國家統計局局長寧吉喆說，統一核算改革將從2019年年度地區生產總值核算開始。

【知識點】

國內生產總值（Gross Domestic Product，簡稱GDP）是指在一定時期內（一個季度或一年），一個國家或地區的經濟中所生產出的全部最終產品和勞務的價值（the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a specific time period），常被公認為衡量國家經濟狀況的最佳指標。

自1985年我國建立生產總值核算製度以來，一直采取分級核算製度（separate accounting system），即國家統計局核算國內生產總值（overall GDP calculation），各省區市統計局核算本地區生產總值。

改革後，地區生產總值將由各省區市統計局負責核算改革為國家統計局統一組織、領導和實施（lead the unified accounting of regional GDP by conducting unified accounting procedures），各省區市統計局共同參與核算。改革後，各地區生產總值數據將由國家統計局統一部署公布或授權各地區統計局公布本地區數據。

拖欠工資 wage arrears

國務院總理李克強日前簽署國務院令，公布《保障農民工工資支付條例》（以下簡稱《條例》），自2020年5月1日起施行。

To ensure that rural migrant workers get their wages on time and in full, the regulation has clauses on clarifying the responsibilities of employers and related government departments, detailing rules for special areas and strengthening supervision.為了保障農民工按時足額獲得工資，《條例》從明確用人單位以及相關政府部門的職責，細化重點領域治理措施，以及強化監管手段等方麵做出了明確規定。

【詞匯講解】

“拖欠工資”可以用名詞短語wage arrears表示，arrear讀作[陧r骉™]，表示“欠款”，比如，某人已經欠了6個月的房租就可以說：someone is six weeks in arrear with his rent. 此外，“欠薪”還可以用動詞短語withhold salary或者delay salary來表示。發工資的時候，有些單位還會出現無理克扣工資（unreasonable deductions from paychecks）的現象，更不用說保證發放加班費（overtime pay）了。

“討薪”可以用demand unpaid salary來表示，如果討薪成功，單位“補發工資”就可以用pay backdated salary表示。這裏的backdated就是表示某個政策或舉措從之前較早的時間開始計算。比如，6月份發出漲工資的決定，但是從1月開始算的，所以會從1月開始補發。這種情況就可以說：The increase in pay agreed in June will be backdated to January.

The regulation said wages for rural migrant workers should be paid with bank transfers or cash, not in other forms such as physical goods or securities.

《條例》明確以銀行轉賬或者現金形式支付農民工工資，不得以實物或者有價證券等其他形式替代。

Government-funded projects must be given sufficient funding and should not be funded in advance by contractors, and government officials in regions with serious wage arrears will be punished.《條例》規定政府投資項目所需資金必須落實到位，不得由施工單位墊資建設，對拖欠農民工工資的地方部門負責人，情節嚴重的給予處分。

The regulation also ordered government departments to beef up regulation, including setting up credit archives for employers and formulating a unified punishment system for those who default on migrant workers' wages.《條例》要求政府部門強化監管，建立用人單位勞動保障守法誠信檔案和拖欠農民工工資失信聯合懲戒製度。

黨的先進性和純潔性 the Party's advanced nature and purity

Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, on Wednesday called for continued efforts to ensure that the whole Party remains true to its original aspiration and keeps its mission firmly in mind. Xi, also Chinese president and chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the remarks at a meeting summarizing a campaign themed "staying true to our founding mission."“不忘初心、牢記使命”主題教育總結大會1月8日召開。中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習近平出席會議並發表重要講話。習近平強調，要持續推動全黨不忘初心牢記使命。

"We must resolutely remove whatever weakens the Party's advanced nature and undermines the Party's purity, and rid ourselves of any tumor that erodes the Party's health," said Xi, adding that the Party should resolutely guard against all dangers of running counter to the original aspiration and the mission or shaking the foundation of the Party.

他強調，堅決清除一切弱化黨的先進性、損害黨的純潔性的因素，堅決割除一切滋生在黨的肌體上的毒瘤，堅決防範一切違背初心和使命、動搖黨的根基的危險。

【重要講話】

要始終保持奮發有為的進取精神，永葆黨的先進性和純潔性，答好新時代的答卷。

The CPC members should always maintain the enterprising spirit, ensure the Party's purity and advanced nature, and pass the test of the new era.

——2019年9月12日，習近平視察中共中央北京香山革命紀念地時表示

全黨要更加自覺地堅定黨性原則，勇於直麵問題，敢於刮骨療毒，消除一切損害黨的先進性和純潔性的因素，清除一切侵蝕黨的健康肌體的病毒，不斷增強黨的政治領導力、思想引領力、群眾組織力、社會號召力，確保我們黨永葆旺盛生命力和強大戰鬥力。

Every Party member must be more actively involved in enhancing Party consciousness, and demonstrate commitment to Party principles. We must have the courage to face problems squarely, be braced for the pain, act to remove whatever undermines the Party’s purity and advanced nature, and rid ourselves of any virus that erodes the Party’s health. We must keep on strengthening the Party’s ability to lead politically, to guide through theory, to organize the people, and to inspire society, thus ensuring that the Party’s great vitality and strong ability are forever maintained.

——2017年10月18日，習近平在中國共產黨第十九次全國代表大會上的報告

春運 Spring Festival travel rush

1月10日，2020年春運（the Spring Festival travel rush）正式開啟。今年春運，預計全國旅客發送量將達到約30億人次。

From Jan 10 to Feb 18, the total number of trips is likely to hit 3 billion, slightly up from the travel rush last year, with an 8-percent growth in train trips, 8.4-percent increase in air trips and 9.6-percent hike in waterway trips, according to a forecast from the National Development and Reform Commission.國家發改委表示，今年春運從1月10日持續至2月18日，預計全國旅客發送量將達到約30億人次，鐵路旅客同比增長8%，民航增長8.4%，水路旅客增長9.6%。

Due to the continued expansion in high-speed railway operational length, the number of road trips is expected to decline to 2.43 billion.由於高鐵運營裏程不斷增加，今年的陸路旅客量預計將下降至24.3億人次。

今年的春運，我們迎來了電子客票、反向春運優惠等一係列新變化，一起來看一看吧！

高鐵實行電子客票

電子客票的運用是今年春運的一大亮點，更多旅客將不再需要換取紙質車票，直接通過刷手機或身份證進站乘車。

All high-speed railway stations will allow passengers to use electronic tickets. According to China State Railway Co, as of Thursday, passengers can check in without paper tickets at 1,020 railway stations across the country.所有高鐵車站均允許旅客使用電子客票。國鐵集團表示，截至1月10日，全國共有1020個火車站實現電子客票檢票進站。

反向春運有優惠

近幾年，“反向春運（reverse Spring Festival travel）”的熱度持續提升，更多的年輕人將老家的父母接來自己工作的城市過年。

Rail authorities are offering discount tickets to encourage more passengers to travel against the flow during the travel rush, easing transportation pressure.鐵路部門提供折扣票價，鼓勵旅客在春節期間“反向”出行，緩解交通壓力。

北京大興國際機場迎首個春運

2019年9月正式投運的大興國際機場也即將迎來首個春運的考驗。

The Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) said on Thursday that the airport, which started operation in late September last year, will see 1.9 million travelers during the 40-day festival rush, and the daily number of flights could hit 312, up 15 percent from normal.民航總局1月10日表示，去年9月正式投運的大興國際機場在為期40天的春運期間將迎來旅客190萬人次，每日航班數將達到312個，比平日增加15%。

省界收費站全部取消

從2020年1月1日零時起，全國29個聯網省份的487個省界收費站（toll stations at provincial boundaries of national expressways）全部取消。

Use of electronic toll-collection devices will improve traffic efficiency at toll gates.電子收費設備的使用將提升收費站的通行效率。

兒童乘車優惠可看年齡

2020年1月1日起施行的《關於深化道路運輸價格改革的意見》中明確，符合條件的兒童乘坐客運班車享受免費乘車或者客票半價優待。在兒童身高標準基礎上，增加以年齡為依據的兒童票、免票劃分標準。

具體條件為：每一成人旅客可攜帶1名6周歲(含6周歲)以下或者身高1.2米(含1.2米)以下、且不單獨占用座位的兒童免費乘車（children who are under 6 years old and don't need separate seats can take public transport for free），需單獨占用座位或者超過1名時超過的人數執行客票半價優待，並提供座位；6～14周歲或者身高為1.2～1.5米的兒童乘車執行客票半價優待（eligible for half-price policy），並提供座位。

國家最高科學技術獎 the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award

President Xi Jinping presented the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award, China’s top scientific honor, to nuclear submarine designer Huang Xuhua and atmospheric physicist Zeng Qingcun at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on Friday.1月10日，國家主席習近平在人民大會堂向核潛艇設計師黃旭華和大氣物理學家曾慶存頒發國家最高科學技術獎。

【重要講話】

我國廣大科技工作者要把握大勢、搶占先機，直麵問題、迎難而上，瞄準世界科技前沿，引領科技發展方向，肩負起曆史賦予的重任，勇做新時代科技創新的排頭兵，努力建設世界科技強國。

Science and technology personnel should grasp the main trends, seize opportunities, face problems squarely, and rise to challenges. They should aim for the frontiers of science and technology, lead the direction of its development, shoulder the heavy responsibilities bestowed by history, and be vanguards in innovation in the new era, in order to build China into a powerhouse of science and technology.

——2018年5月28日，習近平出席中國科學院第十九次院士大會、中國工程院第十四次院士大會並發表重要講話

家用電器安全使用年限 standard life spans for home appliances

China unveiled its first set of standard life spans for home appliances on Friday to fend off safety risks and promote energy consciousness.1月10日，我國發布了首套家用電器安全使用年限，以消除安全隱患，提高人們的節能意識。

《家用電器安全使用年限》係列標準從安全使用年限要求（standard life span）、正常使用條件（standard operating conditions）和消費提醒信息（alert notification）三方麵進行規範。

家用電冰箱（refrigerators）&葡萄酒櫃（wine cabinets）、房間空調器（air conditioners）的安全使用年限為10年，家用洗衣機（washing machines）&幹衣機（dryers）、吸油煙機（range hoods）、家用燃氣灶（gas cookers）的安全使用年限為8年。

The standard life span of air conditioners starts from date of production, and that of other home appliances from date of sale.

空調安全使用年限從生產日期計起，其餘從銷售日期計起。

為什麽要設定安全使用年限？

家電“超期服役”時，不僅能耗顯著提升，而且存在較大安全隱患。

The use of electrical home appliances past life expectancy will increase energy consumption and safety risks.使用超過安全使用年限的家電會增加能耗以及安全風險。

An expected 160 million units of electrical home appliances will expire in 2020.據估算，僅2020年就將有1.6億台家電到期。

國家發展改革委產業司巡視員王東說，

The move will help raise consumers' awareness for safety and energy conservation, and put more new models on the market as well.此舉不但能幫助提升消費者的安全意識和節能意識，同時還有利於家電新產品進入市場。

匯率操縱國 currency manipulator

1月13日，美國財政部公布半年度匯率政策報告，取消對中國“匯率操縱國”的認定。

In its semiannual Report on Macroeconomic and Foreign Exchange Policies of Major Trading Partners of the United States, the Treasury Department said no major US trading partner at this time met the relevant legislative criteria for currency manipulation.美國財政部發布的《主要貿易夥伴的宏觀經濟和外匯政策》半年報告指出，目前，美國主要的貿易夥伴中，無一符合匯率操縱國法定標準。

【知識點】

根據美國對“匯率操縱國（currency manipulator）”最新的認定標準，當一國在過去四個季度滿足以下三個標準時會被認定為“匯率操縱國”：1.對美國貿易順差超過200億美元（a bilateral trade surplus of $20 billion or more with the US）；2.經常賬戶順差占GDP比重超過2%（a current account surplus of 2 percent or more of its gross domestic product）；3.單邊匯率幹預持續時長超過6個月（one-sided intervention in foreign exchange markets for more than 6 months）。

如果一個經濟體滿足三個標準，則被認定為“匯率操縱國”；如果隻滿足兩個標準，會被列入觀察名單（monitoring list）；如果隻滿足第一個標準，但該經濟體對美國的總體貿易逆差貢獻較大，也可能被列入觀察名單。

美國財政部去年8月宣布將中國列為“匯率操縱國”，遭到中方、經濟學界和權威國際機構的普遍反對。

Mark Sobel, US chairman of the Official Monetary and Financial Institutions Forum, an independent think tank, said on Twitter that this is "good news," calling the designation "blatant" and "errant" political act. "China shouldn't have been designated to start with," said Sobel, who was served as deputy assistant secretary at the US Treasury Department. He noted China's current account surplus is small as a share of GDP, and there is "scant intervention."前美國財政部官員、官方貨幣與金融機構論壇主席馬克ⷧ𔢨𒝧ˆ𞥜覎觉𙤸Š表示，美國財政部此舉是“好消息”，中國從一開始就不應被認定為“匯率操縱國”，中國經常賬戶順差占國內生產總值比重較小，幾乎不構成幹涉，美國政府此前的認定是“錯誤的政治行為”。

強基計劃 plan for strengthening basic academic disciplines

China has moved to step up the cultivation of innovative talent in certain basic academic disciplines such as mathematics and physics by launching a pilot enrollment scheme at more than 30 select universities, including Peking and Tsinghua, according to a guideline unveiled by the Ministry of Education Wednesday.為了加強數學、物理等基礎學科創新人才的培養，教育部1月15日發出通知，將在包括北京大學、清華大學在內的30多所選定高校開展招生試點。

【知識點】

根據教育部《關於在部分高校開展基礎學科招生改革試點工作的意見》（也稱“強基計劃”plan for strengthening basic academic disciplines），這一計劃主要選拔有誌於服務國家重大戰略需求且綜合素質優秀或基礎學科拔尖的學生（students who are interested in serving the country's major strategic needs and at the same time have excellent comprehensive qualities or excel in basic discipline studies）。由有關高校結合自身辦學特色，重點在數學（mathematics）、物理（physics）、化學（chemistry）、生物（biology）及曆史（history）、哲學（philosophy）、古文字學（study of ancient characters）等相關專業招生。

教育部將遴選部分高校開展這一試點。起步階段，遴選部分“一流大學”建設高校開展試點。

招生辦法

在招生選拔模式上，將探索建立基於統一高考的多維度考核評價學生的招生模式。

Students will be able to sign up for the plan in April. After they take the national college entrance exam (or gaokao) in early June, the 36 universities will release the list of students qualifying for the plan based on their gaokao scores. The ministry said they should then give those students written and physical tests and interviews before releasing final enrollment lists by July 5.學生可在4月份報名“強基計劃”；6月初高考結束後，參與該計劃的36所高校將根據高考成績確定入圍學生名單；之後，高校組織對入圍學生進行筆試、口試及體檢等考核，並在7月5日前公布錄取名單。

培養模式

高校對通過“強基計劃”錄取的學生單獨製定培養方案。

Students admitted through the plan will be put in small, independent classes, with the best teaching resources and learning environment. Top performers will be given preferential treatment in pursuing postgraduate studies, government sponsored overseas study and scholarships, it said.通過“強基計劃”錄取的學生進行獨立小班教學，配備優質教學資源及學習環境。對學業優秀的學生，高校可在免試推薦研究生、公派留學、獎學金等方麵予以優先安排。

Students under the plan are not supposed to transfer to majors in other academic disciplines.通過“強基計劃”錄取的學生入校後原則上不得轉到相關學科之外的專業就讀。

2020年起，不再組織開展高校自主招生（independent enrollment）工作。

中美第一階段經貿協議 China-US phase-one economic and trade agreement

當地時間1月15日，美國總統特朗普在白宮橢圓形辦公室會見中共中央政治局委員、國務院副總理、中美全麵經濟對話中方牽頭人劉鶴，雙方共同出席中美第一階段經貿協議簽署儀式。

Speaking at the signing ceremony, Liu first conveyed a message of Chinese President Xi Jinping to Trump.劉鶴首先轉達習近平主席致特朗普總統的口信。

The conclusion of the phase-one economic and trade agreement is good for China, for the United States and for the whole world, Xi said in the message read out by the vice premier.

習近平在口信中指出，中美達成第一階段經貿協議，有利於中美兩國，有利於世界。

"It also shows that our two countries have the ability to act on the basis of equality and mutual respect, and work through dialogue and consultation to properly handle and effectively resolve relevant issues," read the message.

這也說明，中美雙方完全可以在平等和相互尊重的基礎上，通過對話磋商找到有關問題的妥善處理和有效解決辦法。

In the next step, the two sides need to implement the agreement in real earnest and optimize its positive impact, so as to make even greater progress in China-U.S. trade and economic cooperation, the Chinese president said.

下一步，雙方要把協議落到實處，發揮積極效應，推動中美經貿合作取得更大進展。

To maintain healthy and steady growth of China-U.S. relations serves the interest of both countries and requires joint efforts from both sides, Xi said.

保持中美關係健康穩定發展，符合雙方利益，需要雙方共同作出努力。

In that spirit, Xi voiced hope that the U.S. side will treat fairly Chinese companies and their regular economic, trade and investment activities, and give support to the collaboration between enterprises, research institutes, and schools and colleges of the two countries, as it will help enhance mutual trust and cooperation between the two sides.

本著這一精神，希望美方公平對待中國企業正常經貿和投資活動，支持兩國企業、科研機構、學校開展合作，促進中美互信與合作。

"China is prepared to work with the United States in that direction. And I will stay in close touch with you personally," Xi said. "I believe that under our guidance, China-U.S. relations will deliver more results and bring greater benefits to our peoples in the year ahead."

中方願與美方相向而行。我願與你保持密切聯係，相信在我們共同引領下，中美關係在新的一年能夠給兩國人民帶來更多利益和實惠。

付費測試 paywall trial

1月15日，騰訊微信團隊宣布，微信正灰度測試訂閱號付費能力，符合條件的運營者可以前往公眾平台開通付費功能。

Some official accounts will be able to charge readers for original content, WeChat said. The content creators can price articles from 1 yuan to 208 yuan, and WeChat will not take a cut on the revenues during the trial period.微信團隊表示，部分公眾平台可以對原創稿件開通付費功能，運營者可在1-208元之間的價格檔位選擇合適的定價，測試期間微信方麵不會從中分成。

【知識點】

目前，不少國外新聞網站都有收費牆（paywall）閱讀係統。

There are both "hard" and "soft" paywalls in use. "Hard" paywalls allow minimal to no access to content without subscription, while "soft" paywalls allow more flexibility in what users can view without subscribing, such as selective free content and/or a limited number of articles per month, or the sampling of several pages of a book or paragraphs of an article. (Source: Wikipedia)在具體使用中有“硬”收費牆和“軟”收費牆兩種。“硬”收費牆模式下，非訂閱用戶隻能看到最少量的網頁內容，或甚至無法看到網頁內容；而“軟”收費牆模式對用戶可見內容的限製則更加靈活，比如，每月允許用戶查看精選的一些免費內容或免費查看一定數量的文章，或者允許讀者查看某本書的幾頁內容或某篇文章的幾段內容。

微信此次測試的付費功能也類似於“收費牆”功能。

WeChat bloggers, whose official accounts have been in operation for more than three months and who have published at least three original pieces of content without violations of community rules for three months, are eligible for paywall trial.注冊超過3個月、近3個月內無嚴重違規記錄、已發表至少3篇原創文章的訂閱號可以開通付費功能。

運營者可對原創文章的部分或全部內容設置收費（charge for the whole post or part of the post）。用戶未付費前，可免費閱讀前言和試讀部分，留言隻可查看。付費後才可以閱讀全文，寫留言（users can read the whole post and write comment after payment）。

付費文章僅付費用戶可查看，其它用戶無論從什麽途徑獲得文章，都需要購買後才能閱讀。目前，付費功能僅對單篇文章提供閱讀付費能力（the paywall feature only applies to individual posts at present）。

Accounts run by media organizations, governments and companies will be excluded from the official trials.媒體和政府、企業帳號暫不支持測試付費閱讀。

同時，付費文章暫時不支持使用讚賞功能（the reward function will be closed for paid content）。

看到這條新聞，網友們反應不一。有人表示，那我以後就不看了，還能少玩會兒手機。也有網友表示，支持知識付費。

千年胞波情誼 millennia-old pauk-phaw friendship

A signed article by President Xi Jinping titled "Writing a New Chapter in Our Millennia-Old Pauk-Phaw Friendship" was published Thursday on three Myanmese newspapers ahead of his state visit to this Southeast Asian country.1月16日，在對緬甸聯邦共和國進行國事訪問前夕，國家主席習近平在緬甸三家媒體同時發表題為《續寫千年胞波情誼的嶄新篇章》的署名文章。

Xi said it gives him great pleasure to pay a state visit to Myanmar at the invitation of Myanmar's President U Win Myint, and he looks forward to renewing pauk-phaw ties with Myanmar and discussing the future cooperation between the two countries during the visit, according to the article.習近平在文章中指出，很高興應溫敏總統邀請，對緬甸進行國事訪問，期待通過這次訪問，同緬甸朋友共敘“胞波”情誼，共話合作大計。

【知識點】

在緬語中，“胞波”意為一母同胞的兄弟。兩國人民自古相親相融，“胞波”情誼源遠流長。早在公元前4世紀，我們的祖先就打通了貫穿川滇緬印的“金銀大道”往來通商。中國盛唐時期，緬甸驃國王子率領舞樂隊不遠千裏訪問長安，著名詩人白居易揮毫寫下千古絕唱《驃國樂》。緬甸在不同社會製度國家中第一個承認新中國。兩國老一輩領導人身體力行，為中緬關係發展傾注了大量心血。

建交70年來，中緬倡導並踐行和平共處五項原則，始終相互信任，相互尊重，相互支持，樹立了大小國家平等相待、互利共贏、共同發展的典範，給兩國人民帶來了實實在在的利益。

【重要講話】

中緬兩國有句共同的諺語，“親戚越走越親，朋友越走越近”。站在建交70年的曆史新起點上，我們願同緬甸朋友攜手努力，推動構建更為緊密的中緬命運共同體，續寫千年“胞波”情誼的新樂章。

In China and Myanmar, people have similar sayings to the effect that more exchanges will bring families and friends closer together. In this 70th anniversary year, China-Myanmar relations stand at a new starting point. Let us work hand in hand to build an even closer China-Myanmar community with a shared future and write a new chapter for our millennia-old pauk-phaw friendship.

——2020年1月16日，習近平在緬甸《緬甸之光》、《鏡報》、《緬甸環球新光報》同時發表題為《續寫千年胞波情誼的嶄新篇章》的署名文章

限塑令 plastics ban

《關於進一步加強塑料汙染治理的意見》1月19日發布。意見明確，到2020年，率先在部分地區、部分領域禁止、限製部分塑料製品的生產、銷售和使用。

The document has set step-by-step timelines to reduce the use of single-use, non-degradable plastics and parcel packaging in the next five years .意見列出了未來五年內分步驟減少一次性或不可降解塑料製品以及塑料包裝的時間安排。

到2022年，一次性塑料製品消費量明顯減少（consumption of single-use plastic products will be significantly reduced），替代產品（substitute products）得到推廣，塑料廢棄物資源化能源化利用比例大幅提升；在塑料汙染問題突出領域和電商、快遞、外賣等新興領域，形成一批可複製、可推廣的塑料減量和綠色物流模式。

The use of nondegradable plastic bags, for example, is expected to vanish in some major consuming sectors, including shopping malls, supermarkets and restaurant takeout services, first in metropolises by the end of this year and then in all major Chinese cities and all urban areas in coastal regions by the end of 2022.到2020年底，大型城市的商場、超市、以及餐飲打包外賣服務等，禁止使用不可降解塑料袋；到2022年底，實施範圍擴大至全部地級以上城市建成區和沿海地區縣城建成區。

Non-degradable single-use plastic straws will be banned by the end of 2020, while non-degradable single-use plastic tableware will be banned from dining-in in cities. By the end of 2022, the ban on plastic tableware will be extended to dining-in in counties.到2020年底，全國範圍餐飲行業禁止使用不可降解一次性塑料吸管；城市餐飲堂食服務，禁止使用不可降解一次性塑料餐具。到2022年底，縣城餐飲堂食服務，禁止使用不可降解一次性塑料餐具。

到2025年，塑料製品生產、流通、消費和回收處置等環節的管理製度基本建立（establish a complete plastics management system），多元共治體係基本形成，替代產品開發應用水平進一步提升（make progress in the development of substitute products），重點城市塑料垃圾填埋量大幅降低（significantly reduce the amount of plastic waste going to landfills），塑料汙染得到有效控製（bring plastic pollution under effective control）。

By the end of 2025, the use of non-degradable single-use plastic tableware for take-out in cities should be cut by 30 percent, according to the document.到2025年，城市餐飲外賣領域不可降解一次性塑料餐具消耗強度下降30%。

Moreover, all hotels and guesthouses should stop using single-use plastic wares by 2025, while postal and express service outlets should cease using non-degradable plastic packaging, plastic tape and single-use plastic woven bags.到2025年底，賓館、酒店等場所不再主動提供一次性塑料用品；全國範圍郵政快遞網點禁止使用不可降解的塑料包裝袋、塑料膠帶、一次性塑料編織袋等。

新型冠狀病毒 novel coronavirus

近期，湖北省武漢市等多個地區發生新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情。

截至1月21日24時，國家衛健委收到國內13個省（區、市）累計報告新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎確診病例440例（440 confirmed cases of pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus），報告死亡病例累計9例，新增3例，全部為湖北病例。

報告新增冠狀病毒感染的肺炎確診病例149例，收到日本通報確診病例1例，泰國通報確診病例3例，韓國通報確診病例1例。

目前，追蹤到的密切接觸者2197人（2197 close contacts），已解除醫學觀察765人，尚有1394人正在接受醫學觀察（1394 under medical observation）。

【知識點】

冠狀病毒（coronavirus）是一類主要引起呼吸道、腸道疾病（respiratory and intestinal diseases）的病原體。這類病毒顆粒的表麵有許多規則排列的突起（a fringe of bulbous surface projections ），整個病毒顆粒就像一頂帝王的皇冠（royal crown），因此得名“冠狀病毒”。冠狀病毒除人類以外，還可感染豬、牛、貓、犬、貂、駱駝、蝙蝠、老鼠、刺蝟等多種哺乳動物以及多種鳥類（mammals and birds）。

【關於新型冠狀病毒】

2019-nCoV, as it's been labelled, is understood to be a new strain of coronavirus that has not previously been identified in humans.這種新型冠狀病毒（2019-nCoV）此前未在人類身上發現過。

Coronaviruses are a broad family of viruses, but only six (the new one would make it seven) are known to infect people.冠狀病毒是一個龐大的病毒家族，目前已知會感染人類的有六種（新發現的這種是第七種）。

Scientists believe an animal source is "the most likely primary source" but that some human-to-human transmission has occurred.科學家認為動物是“最有可能的初始感染源”，不過，也有一些人傳人的病例。

Signs of infection include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath and breathing difficulties.感染症狀包括：呼吸道症狀，發燒，咳嗽，呼吸短促，呼吸困難等。

（以上信息來源於世界衛生組織）

疫情發生後，黨中央、國務院高度重視。

中共中央總書記、國家主席、中央軍委主席習近平作出重要指示，湖北武漢市等地近期陸續發生新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情，必須引起高度重視，全力做好防控工作。

The prevention and control work is crucial at the moment due to the large passenger flows during the Spring Festival holiday, Xi said.

目前正值春節期間，人員大範圍密集流動，做好疫情防控工作十分緊要。

The Party committees and governments at all levels must put people's safety and health as the top priority and take effective measures to curb the spread of the virus, he said.

各級黨委和政府及有關部門要把人民群眾生命安全和身體健康放在第一位，采取切實有效措施，堅決遏製疫情蔓延勢頭。

Xi ordered all-out efforts to treat patients, identify the causes of the virus infection and spread at an earlier date, strengthen monitoring and standardize treatment procedures.

要全力救治患者，盡快查明病毒感染和傳播原因，加強病例監測，規範處置流程。

Xi spoke of the need for the timely release of information and the deepening of international cooperation.

要及時發布疫情信息，深化國際合作。

He also stressed the necessity of informing the public of relevant policies to safeguard social stability and ensure people have a peaceful and auspicious Chinese New Year festival.

要加強有關政策措施宣傳解讀工作，堅決維護社會大局穩定，確保人民群眾度過一個安定祥和的新春佳節。

中共中央政治局常委、國務院總理李克強作出批示，

Li instructed related government departments and localities to improve response plans and spare no effort in prevention and control in this regard.各相關部門和地方要完善應對方案，全力以赴做好防控工作。

He also demanded better communication and coordination with the World Health Organization, related countries, as well as Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan to join efforts to curb the spread of the virus.

做好與世界衛生組織、有關國家和港澳台地區的溝通協調，密切協作形成合力，堅決防止疫情擴散蔓延。

China has issued a temporary reimbursement policy to make sure patients with pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus will receive timely and thorough treatment.

我國出台臨時報銷政策以確保新型冠狀病毒感染肺炎患者能得到及時、徹底的治療。

【單詞講解】

Reimbursement指“償付；報銷”，常用的搭配是reimbursement for... expenses，比如： reimbursement for medical expenses（醫療費用報銷），reimbursement fo travel expenses（出行費用報銷）等。

國家醫保局有關負責人表示，確診新型冠狀病毒感染肺炎患者的特殊報銷政策具體為：

一是將國家衛生健康委《新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎診療方案》覆蓋的藥品和醫療服務項目，全部臨時納入醫保基金支付範圍（expenses from medicines and medical services needed for treating the pneumonia will be completely covered by medical insurance funds）。

二是保證及時支付患者費用，特別是發揮醫療救助資金的兜底保障作用（make full use of the medical assistance fund to ensure that medical bills of pneumonia patients are paid in time），打消患者就醫顧慮。對異地就醫患者先救治後結算，報銷不再執行異地轉外就醫支付比例調減規定，減少患者流動帶來的傳染風險。

三是對集中收治的醫院，醫保部門將預付資金減輕醫院墊付壓力（medical insurance departments will pay for expenses incurred in the treatment of the disease in advance to lessen financial pressures on hospitals），患者醫療費用不再納入醫院總額預算控製指標。

（中國日報網英語點津 Helen）

來源：中國日報網

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